Desafíos para la enseñanza de ciencias médicas en condiciones de contingencia

La pandemia de COVID-19 contribuyó a la afectación del proceso tradicional de formación de profesionales de la salud, por lo que fueron implementados, de forma abrupta, ajustes y modificaciones que garantizaran la continuidad del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. El objetivo de la revisión bibliográfica consiste en una actualización de las adecuaciones en los métodos de enseñanza en los diferentes escenarios docentes durante las diferentes etapas de contingencia. La revisión incluyó publicaciones, en su mayoría del período 2019-2021, y se emplearon principalmente las bases de datos ESBCO, CUMED y SciELO. Como resultado de la investigación, se plantea la complementación de las clases presenciales por otras modalidades a distancia, ya sea de tipo virtual o en línea: una forma de semipresencialidad, con un mayor empleo de las redes sociales y plataformas virtuales. En conclusión, la enseñanza de ciencias médicas en tiempos de contingencia constituye un reto, ya que ha sido necesario pasar de la enseñanza presencial tradicional a otras modalidades, con énfasis en las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación, y así reorganizar la educación para garantizar la formación de profesionales de la salud.

The pandemic of COVID-19 contributed to affect the traditional training process of the health professionals, which is why adjustments and modifications were abruptly implemented to guarantee the continuity of the teaching-learning process. The objective of the bibliographical review is to update the adequacy in the teaching methods in the different teaching scenarios during the different contingency stages. The review included publications, mostly from the period 2019-2021, and database used were mainly EBSCO, CUMED and SciELO. As a result of the research, it is proposed the complementation of face-to-face classes by other remote modalities, either virtual or online: a semi-face-to-face form, with a bigger employment of the social networks and virtual platforms. In conclusion, the teaching of medical sciences in times of contingency is a challenge, since it has been necessary to move from traditional face-to-face education to other forms, with emphasis on information and communication technologies, and thus reorganize education to ensure the training of health professionals.

Galería de imágenes de tumores malignos como herramienta didáctica en oncología / Gallery of malignancies images as didactic tool in oncology i: en

Introducción: Los tumores malignos son afecciones prevalentes que exigen un diagnóstico temprano para un tratamiento oportuno. La confección de una galería de imágenes como medio de enseñanza con la tecnología digital constituye una herramienta de aprendizaje de incuestionable valor en la especialidad de oncología. Objetivo: Confeccionar una galería de imágenes digitales de tumores malignos como medio de enseñanza alternativo para la docencia de residentes y profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó una innovación tecnológica en el Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial Conrado Benítez García de Santiago de Cuba, durante el bimestre enero-febrero del 2023. El objeto de estudio y el campo de acción fueron los recursos del aprendizaje y las imágenes digitalizadas sobre tumores malignos, respectivamente. Se combinaron los métodos de investigación teóricos (sistematización, vivencial y analítico sintético) y empíricos (análisis documental y encuesta en forma de cuestionario a informantes clave). Resultados: Como medio de enseñanza alternativo para la docencia médica y de enfermería, manualmente se confeccionó una galería digital con 164 imágenes de tumores malignos que incluían casi todas las localizaciones. Los expertos en informática, especialistas, residentes y enfermeras valoraron de muy adecuado el producto informático, basado en la cientificidad y la didáctica tecnológica para la formación académica integral. Conclusiones: La galería de imágenes digitales constituye una herramienta didáctica, motivacional, atractiva e interesante para el aprendizaje de las neoplasias malignas; es un recurso ilustrativo y utilitario para la docencia médica y del profesional de enfermería.

Introduction: Malignancies are prevalent affections that demand an early diagnosis for an opportune treatment. The making of an images gallery as teaching means with digital technology constitutes a learning tool of unquestionable value in the oncology specialty. Objective: To make a gallery of malignancies digital images as alternative teaching means for the residents and nursing professionals. Methods: A technological innovation was carried out in Conrado Benítez García Provincial Teaching Oncological Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, during the January-February two-month period, 2023. The study object and action field were the learning resources and the digital images on malignancies, respectively. The theoretical investigation methods (systematizing, experiential and analytic synthetic) and empiric (documental analysis and interviews in questionnaire form to key informants) were combined. Results: As alternative teaching means for medical and nursing teaching, a digital gallery was manually made with 164 malignancies images that included almost all the localizations. Computer science experts, specialists, residents and nurses valued as very appropriate the computer product, based on the scientificity and the technological didactics for the integral academic training. Conclusions: The gallery of digital images constitutes a didactic, motivational, attractive and interesting tool for learning of malignancies; it is an illustrative and utilitarian resource for medical and nursing professional teaching.

Resultados de una estrategia para la internacionalización en el desarrollo de la educación médica superior desde la experiencia Cuba - México

La internacionalización de las universidades cubanas favorece el cumplimiento de la misión de la educación superior, propicia que la universidad sea cada vez más innovadora y contribuye, de esa manera, al logro de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible propuestos en la Agenda 2030. La internacionalización constituye una gran fuerza para el desarrollo de una universidad moderna fundamentada en esquemas de formación: ante todo humanista, de alto nivel, con gran sensibilidad social, lo que sólo se puede alcanzar con el desarrollo de Instituciones de Educación Superior de mayor trascendencia académica, en el contexto internacional. Con estos fundamentos se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de sistematizar los resultados de una estrategia para la internacionalización de la educación médica superior. Se enmarca en un convenio de colaboración entre instituciones de Cuba y México y la creación de una red académica, que impulsa actividades de investigación y docencia en pre y posgrado. Se trata de una investigación de naturaleza documental. La revisión de textos, en formato impreso y digital, se orientó al análisis de los resultados de la experiencia de Cuba- México, en los ámbitos: intercambio académico, movilidad docente, participación en proyectos científicos colaborativos y formación doctoral, que se materializan en los resultados obtenidos.

The internationalization of Cuban universities favors the fulfillment of the mission of higher education, encourages the university to be increasingly innovative and thus contributes to the achievement of the sustainable development goals proposed in the 2030 Agenda. Internationalization constitutes a great force for the development of a modern university based on training schemes: above all humanistic, high level, with great social sensitivity, which can only be achieved with the development of Higher Education Institutions of greater academic significance, in the international context. With these foundations, an investigation was carried out with the objective of systematizing the results of a strategy for internationalization of higher medical education. It is part of a collaboration agreement between institutions in Cuba and Mexico and the creation of an academic network, which promotes research and teaching activities in undergraduate and postgraduate courses. This is an investigation of a documentary nature, in which the review of texts, in printed and digital format, was oriented to the analysis of the results of the Cuba-Mexico exchange experience, in the areas: academic exchange, teacher mobility , participation in collaborative scientific projects and doctoral training, which materialize in the results obtained. From the critical and contrasted reading, the systematization was carried out.

La educación a distancia en la Enseñanza Técnica Superior de Prótesis Estomatológica: experiencias de 2 cursos

Introducción: La asignatura Introducción a la Metodología de la Investigación, para la Enseñanza Técnica Superior de Prótesis Estomatológica, de la Facultad de Estomatología de La Habana, se incorporó a la educación a distancia, durante el curso 2021-2022. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en la ejecución de la asignatura con el uso del aula virtual de la Institución. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, retrospectiva, acerca de las experiencias en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, durante los cursos 2021-2022 y 2022-2023. Resultados: Se cumplieron los objetivos metodológicos de la asignatura, se debatieron los temas propuestos en los foros, se aclararon las dudas utilizando las herramientas interactivas de la plataforma y la atención al alumno fue personalizada. Conclusiones: Se logró impartir por primera vez con éxito, la asignatura, se digitalizaron los objetos de aprendizaje por temas, se diseñaron actividades para la evaluación del aprendizaje, y se obtuvieron calificaciones satisfactorias.

Introduction: The subject Introduction to Research Methodology, for the Higher Technical Education of Stomatological Prosthetics, of the Faculty of Stomatology of Havana, was incorporated into distance education, during the 2021-2022 academic year. Objective: Describe the experience in the execution of the subject with the use of the Institution's virtual classroom. Material and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective research was carried out on the experiences in the teaching-learning process, during the 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 academic years. Results: The methodological objectives of the subject were met, the topics proposed in the forums were debated, doubts were clarified using the platform's interactive tools, and student attention was personalized. Conclusions: The subject was successfully taught for the first time, the learning objects were digitized by topic, activities were designed for the evaluation of learning, and satisfactory grades were obtained.

Introducción de un hiperentorno de aprendizaje con contenidos histológicos en la carrera de Medicina

Introducción: En la didáctica de la asignatura Célula, Tejidos, Sistema Tegumentario, se analiza el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en relación con los medios de enseñanza. En este contexto, se enfatiza la importancia de abordar el trabajo con imágenes, que comprende primero la observación, luego la descripción y por último la interpretación. Objetivo: Valorar la introducción de un hiperentorno de aprendizaje en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Célula, Tejidos, Sistema Tegumentario, de la carrera de Medicina, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Materiales y métodos: Como método rector se empleó la dialéctica materialista de la filosofía marxista-leninista. Entre los métodos teóricos utilizados están: análisis documental, histórico-lógico, inductivo-deductivo, sistémico estructural funcional y modelación; y en los empíricos: revisión de documentos normativos del proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, encuestas a estudiantes, entrevista a profesores, observación a clases y selección de expertos. La población estuvo conformada por 10 profesores de la asignatura y una muestra de 290 estudiantes. El trabajo realizado abarcó dos etapas: fase de diagnóstico y valoración de los resultados. Resultados: La valoración de los estudiantes y profesores acerca de los indicadores referidos al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje son favorables, especialmente a la posibilidad de interactuar con imágenes y contenidos teóricos, y a la rápida retroalimentación de las evaluaciones. Conclusiones: Se identificaron resultados positivos en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura, en relación al desarrollo de habilidades cognitivas. Se destacó con buenos resultados el indicador "sentido de pertenencia al grupo", con un valor de 9,60.

Introduction: In the didactic of the subject Cell, Tissues, Integumentary System, the teaching-learning process is analyzed in relation to the teaching aids. In this context, the importance of backing the work with images that include first the observation, then the description and finally the interpretation is included. Objective: To assess the introduction of a learning hyperenvironment in the teaching-learning process of the subject Cell, Tissues, Integumentary System, of the Medicine undergraduate course, in the University of Medical Sciences of Matanzas. Materials and methods: The materialist-dialectic method of Marxist-Leninist philosophy was used as a main method. Among the theoretical methods used are documentary analysis, historical-logical, inductive-deductive, systemic-structural-functional and modeling. And among empirical: documentary review of normative documents of the teaching-learning process, surveys of students, surveys of professors, observation of classes and selection of experts. The population consisted of 10 professors of the subject and a sample of 290 students. The work carried out included two stages: diagnosis phase and evaluation of the results. Results: The assessment of the students and professors on the indicators referred to the teaching-learning process are favorable, especially to the possibility of interacting with images and theoretical contents and to the rapid feedback of the evaluations. Conclusions: Positive results were identified in the teaching-learning process of the subject, in relation to the development of cognitive skills. The indicator "sense of belonging to the group", with a value of 9.60, stood out with good results.

Conservation of Organs (Heart, Brain and Kidney) of Canine by Cold-Temperature Silicone Plastination in an Animal Anatomy Laboratory in Ecuador / Conservación de Órganos (Corazón, Encéfalo y Riñón) de Canino Mediante la Técnica de Plastinación en Silicona al Frío Realizada en Laboratorio de Anatomía Animal en Ecuador

SUMMARY: For the purposes of teaching anatomy, the use of cadaver preparations is considered the most efficient way of ensuring that students retain knowledge. Nevertheless, in Ecuador the use of animal specimens in universities must comply with the internationally accepted principles of replacement, reduction and refinement (3Rs). Plastination is an alternative technique which allows organs to be conserved in the long term and complies with the 3Rs. The object of the present work was to use cold-temperature silicone plastination with Biodur® products to obtain long-lasting, easy-to-handle canine organs for use as tools for the teaching of animal anatomy. Six canine cadavers were obtained from local animal protection charities. The hearts, brains and kidneys of the cadavers were dissected and fixed with formaldehyde 10 %. They were then dehydrated with acetone at -20 °C. The specimens were impregnated with Biodur® S10:S3 (-20 °C) and finally cured with Biodur® S6. We plastinated six hearts, twelve kidneys, four brains and one encephalic slice of canine. The application of cold-temperature plastination to canine organs followed the parameters established for the conventional protocol, enabling us to obtain organs of brilliant appearance, free of odours, in which the anatomical form was preserved. Thus the technique helped us to comply with the 3Rs, as we obtained easy-to-handle teaching models to replace fresh or formaldehyde-fixed samples for the teaching-learning of the canine anatomy.

En la enseñanza de la Anatomía, el uso de preparaciones cadavéricas se considera el método que permite a los estudiantes retener el conocimiento de una forma más eficiente. No obstante, en Ecuador, el uso de especímenes animales en las universidades se debe realizar bajo el principio internacional de reemplazo, reducción y refinamiento (3Rs). La técnica de plastinación es una técnica alternativa que permite preservar órganos a largo plazo y que se adapta al principio de las 3Rs. El objetivo del trabajo fue utilizar la técnica de plastinación en silicona al frío con productos Biodur® para obtener órganos caninos duraderos y manejables útiles como herramienta para la enseñanza de la anatomía animal. Se obtuvieron seis cadáveres de caninos de fundaciones locales para la protección animal. Se realizaron disecciones de corazones, cerebros y riñones de los cadáveres caninos. Los órganos se fijaron con formalina al 10 %. A continuación, se llevó a cabo la deshidratación con acetona a -20 °C. Los especímenes fueron impregnados con S10:S3 Biodur® (-20 °C) y al final fueron curados con Biodur® S6. Se lograron plastinar seis corazones, doce riñones, cinco encéfalos y un tallo encefálico de canino. La técnica de plastinación al frío utilizada para obtener órganos de canino conservó los parámetros empleados en el protocolo convencional y permitió obtener órganos que presentaron aspecto brillante, ausencia de olores y mantuvieron la forma anatómica. Por lo que, la técnica facilitó cumplir con el principio de las 3Rs al obtenerse modelos didácticos fáciles de manipular que pueden reemplazar muestras frescas o formolizadas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la anatomía del canino.

Las guías didácticas, recurso necesario para el aprendizaje autónomo en la Educación Médica

El uso de las guías didácticas por parte del profesor no era frecuente a pesar de ser un recurso tradicional en el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje. No fue hasta después del azote de la COVID-19 que alcanzó un mayor auge en el desarrollo del aprendizaje autónomo en los estudiantes, sobre todo vinculado con la educación a distancia. En este artículo se reflexiona acerca de la importancia de una adecuada orientación del trabajo independiente por parte del profesor, el cual debe proveer al estudiante los recursos para apropiarse de los conocimientos necesarios de la asignatura. Sin embargo, en la educación presencial, abogar por la autonomía del aprendizaje requiere que los profesores elaboren guías que les permitan no solo orientar, sino también contribuir a la organización del trabajo del estudiante y el suyo propio.

The use of the didactic guides by the teacher was not frequent despite being a traditional resource in the teaching-learning process. It was not until after the scourge of COVID-19 that it reached a greater peak in the development of autonomous learning in students, especially linked to distance education. This article reflects on the importance of an adequate orientation of independent work by the teacher, who must provide the student with the resources to appropriate the necessary knowledge of the subject. However, in face-to-face education, advocating for the autonomy of learning requires teachers to develop guides that allow them not only to direct, but also to contribute to the organization of the student's work and their own.

Contribución de los estudios sobre figuras representativas de la medicina a la formación del médico

Los estudios sobre figuras representativas de la medicina tienen dimensiones significativas en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la asignatura Historia de Cuba, para la formación del médico. En el presente artículo se pretende revelar la contribución de estas investigaciones en el sector de la salud. Para ello se realizó un análisis exhaustivo sobre fuentes bibliográficas y documentos rectores priorizados en el proceso de formación. Asimismo, se utilizó el método histórico-lógico para la evolución espacio-temporal del objeto de investigación. El estudio que existe sobre este tema es insuficiente, lo que condujo a la elaboración de una estrategia didáctica que propicie descubrir los aportes que realizaron en docencia, asistencia y ciencia un selecto grupo de personas, cuya impronta demuestra porqué constituye referente de obligada consulta para el proceso de formación. La incorporación de nuevas figuras ayuda a contextualizar el proceso y a la conformación de la identidad del profesional médico, con aportes, valores, modo de actuación y nivel de compromiso con la patria.

The studies on representative figures of medicine have significant dimensions in the teaching-learning process of the subject History of Cuba, for the training of the physician. This article intends to reveal the contribution of these researches in the health sector. For this an exhaustive analysis was carried out on bibliographic sources and guiding documents prioritized in the training process. Likewise, the historical-logical method was used for the spatial-temporal evolution of the research objective. The study that exists on this topic is insufficient, which led to the elaboration of a didactic strategy that allows to discover the contributions made in teaching, assistance and science by a select group of people, whose imprint demonstrate why they are referents of mandatory consultation for the training process. The incorporation of new figures helps to contextualize the process and the conformation of the identity of the medical professional, with contributions, values, mode of action and level of commitment to the homeland.

Análisis del programa de Farmacología Clínica en el plan de estudio E para la carrera de Medicina / Analysis of the program of Clinical Pharmacology in the E plan study for the Medicine career i: en

Introducción: En Cuba han existido varias concepciones sobre planes de estudio. La necesidad de revisar y proponer cambios que aseguren los niveles de calidad deseados en el proceso de formación integral de los futuros profesionales motivó a investigar los elementos teóricos y metodológicos que regulan y orientan el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura Farmacología Clínica. Objetivo: Analizar el programa de Farmacología Clínica del plan de estudio E para la carrera de Medicina desde un enfoque crítico y sistematizado. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo del programa de estudio de la asignatura Farmacología Clínica según el plan E, vigente en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba, durante el 2022, para lo cual se utilizaron los métodos de revisión documental, los documentos rectores del proceso docente en la educación superior y la metodología propuesta por algunos autores. Resultados: Varios temas enunciaban un número excesivo de objetivos específicos sin tener en cuenta el nivel de asimilación; la forma de organización de la enseñanza más utilizada fue la conferencia. En las evaluaciones frecuentes no se tuvo en cuenta el trabajo investigativo independiente; en tanto, la bibliografía básica correspondió a una edición del 2002. Conclusiones: El programa no requirió trasformaciones temáticas, pero desde el punto de vista didáctico deben modificarse componentes del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje y, además, se debe actualizar la bibliografía básica pertinente.

Introduction: In Cuba several conceptions have existed on the study plans. The necessity to revise and propose changes that assure the levels of quality wanted in the process of integral formation of the future professionals motivated to investigate the theoretical and methodological elements that regulate and guide the teaching-learning process in the Clinical Pharmacology subject. Objective: To analyze the program of Clinical Pharmacology of the E plan study for the medicine career, from a critical and systematized approach. Methods: A qualitative study of the study program in the Clinical Pharmacology subject was carried out according to the E plan, effective in the University of Medical Sciences in Santiago de Cuba, during 2022, for which the methods of documental review, the rector documents of the teaching process in higher education and the methodology proposed by some authors were used. Results: Several topics enunciated an excessive number of specific objectives without taking into account the level of assimilation; the form of organization most used in teaching was the conference. Independent investigative work was not taken into account in frequent evaluations; meanwhile, the basic bibliography corresponded to an edition from 2002. Conclusions: The program did not require of thematic transformations, but from the didactic point of view components of the teaching-learning process should be modified, besides updating the pertinent basic literature.

Flipped classrooms in teaching pharmacology for medical undergraduate students – A comparative study

Background: The new competency-based medical education curriculum envisages the need to adopt newer teaching-learning methods. There is a growing concern about the effective dissemination of knowledge to a large group of students through conventional didactic lectures. Flipped classroom teaching has evolved as an innovative method and is a systematic approach to improving the student learning experience. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken (1) to compare the effectiveness of flipped classroom methods with that of the lecture as a teaching learning method in pharmacology for undergraduate medical students and (2) evaluate the students’ perception of the flipped method. Materials and Methods: This study was done in the Department of Pharmacology in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala after ethics committee approval. Two groups of students enrolled using the convenient sampling method, received three flipped classes and three lectures on the topics after crossover. Feedback was collected using a validated structured questionnaire and a common evaluation after each topic was done with a pre-validated multiple choice questions questionnaire. Results: This study has examined the perceptions of students about flipped teaching method using various teaching materials on a Likert 5-point scale. The findings indicate that flipped classroom was a better teaching method. The mean scores of flipped classrooms were high and it was found to be significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that flipped classroom is more effective for students when compared to lectures. An implication of this is the possibility that it can be used as an adjunctive method in the new curriculum.

Consideraciones didácticas acerca de la modalidad no presencial en las universidades / Didactic Considerations about the Non-Face-to-Face Modality in Universities

Introducción: La modalidad no presencial del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se incrementó como respuesta a las condiciones creadas por la COVID-19, sin la necesaria preparación y experiencia de los docentes para implementarla. Objetivo: Proponer algunas consideraciones didácticas que tributan al adecuado manejo del docente de los componentes del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la implementación de la modalidad no presencial. Posicionamiento de los autores: La exitosa implementación de cualquier variante de modalidad no presencial dependerá de la preparación del docente, particularmente en Didáctica, al asumir las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones como medios de enseñanza en la misión de hacer que sus estudiantes aprendan. Conclusiones: La no presencialidad en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje se considera una alternativa viable en circunstancias de pandemia u otras equivalentes, y debe ser una modalidad complementaria en la etapa posCOVID-19. Así que los profesores tendrán que replantear el proceso en todos sus componentes, en un contexto digital que ya no tiene vuelta atrás(AU)

Introduction: Within the teaching-learning process, the non-face-to-face modality was increased as a response to the conditions created by COVID-19, but without the necessary preparation and experience for professors to implement it. Objective: To propose some didactic considerations that contribute to the professor's adequate management of the components of the teaching-learning process in the implementation of the non-face-to-face modality. Authors' position: The successful implementation of any variant of the non-face-to-face modality will depend on the professor's preparation, particularly in didactics, when assuming information and communication technologies as teaching means in the mission of making their students learn. Conclusions: Within the teaching-learning process, the non-face-to-face condition is considered a viable alternative in pandemic, or other equivalent, circumstances; it should be a complementary modality in the post-COVID-19 stage. Thus, professors will have to rethink the process focusing on all its components, within a digital context that has no turning back(AU)

Online better for revision and offline better for motivation? - perspectives of online learning in undergraduate medical students in India

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic forced many institutions to unexpectedly adopt online learning methods to teach their students. As students’ perspectives are vital to be understood to determine whether any teaching learning method is optimum for implementation, we conducted a questionnaire-based study of students of a medical college. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this research study was to gain a better understanding of problems concerned with online learning methods. Materials and Methods: Undergraduate 1st year medical students of four different medical colleges of India were the participants. After ethical committee permission, responses were invited for a Google form’s questionnaire. Students were asked in detail about their choices. Results: Most students preferred the offline mode of study over the online mode. Majority of students preferred to keep their own camera off during online lectures. Biochemistry subject was considered comparatively easier and Anatomy was considered difficult to learn in online mode compared to offline mode. Few students felt comfortable with online learning of more than 5 h daily. Concentration in classes was deemed more difficult for online classes and majority of students felt a lack of motivation in online learning. Conclusions: Institutes using the online mode of learning need to address student’s problems before they mandate certain rules like keeping students’ videos on. Lack of motivation and screen fatigue are common problems among students which needs to be addressed by counseling or mentoring if necessary. Subject specific preferences of students need to be taken care of.

Student’s perception of creative study guide posters in pharmacology: The Kurukshetra model

Background: One of the major challenges for pharmacology teachers is how to capture students’ interests and engage them in the subject, to create an engaging and enjoyable learning process. “Creative study guide posters” is one such novel educational tool that can help achieve these goals. Aims and Objectives: The authors tried to recreate visual artwork in the subject of pharmacology to engage students and at the same time make learning easy and fun-filled. Materials and Methods: In this study, 2nd year medical students participated and prepared creative study guide posters on antimicrobials and microbes in the form of two armies. On the one hand, antimicrobial drugs depicted the good army, consisting of the name of the drug, drug group, and mechanism of action, while on the other hand, the microorganisms depicted the evil army, consisting of the names of the common microbes, representing the battle of Kurukshetra as in the Indian epic of Mahabharata. Results: The majority of the students found this model interesting and useful for revising antimicrobials. About 82.3% of students agreed that their concepts of antimicrobials improved after this activity. About 86.46% of students believed that this model would foster interactive learning. Only 65.63% of students felt that the traditional methods of revising topics were better than this activity. Conclusion: Creative instruction encourages students to think independently, paricipate actively, and express themselves freely. Creative study guide poster activities help with better student engagement, reinforcing concepts, and better retention than just passing information passively in classrooms.

Estrategia para la enseñanza de la Bioestadística en investigaciones científicas de la maestría en genética médica / Estrategia para la enseñanza de la Bioestadística en investigaciones científicas de la maestría en genética médica

Introducción: La bioestadística en las investigaciones científicas constituye el curso ocho de la maestría de genética médica. La experiencia empírica alcanzada demuestra que los cursistas no logran las competencias y habilidades necesarias para adquirir soberanía estadística y enfrentar los desafíos investigativos de la especialidad. Objetivo: Exponer la efectividad de una estrategia didáctica basada en métodos activos para la enseñanza de la Bioestadística en las investigaciones científicas en la maestría de genética médica en la edición del período lectivo 2022-2023. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de estrategia longitudinal de mediciones antes-después. Se aplicó un cuestionario validado por un comité de expertos a 19 maestrandos que consintieron en participar en la investigación. La estrategia docente se basó en la enseñanza por proyectos, y aplicó un paquete estadístico, cuyo programa analítico se contextualizó a los intereses y móviles profesionales. Resultados: El 52,6 por ciento de los maestrandos emplearon los métodos estadísticos; el 57,9 por ciento, las estadísticas descriptivas; y una minoría (21,1 por ciento), la estadística inferencial. El 26,3 por ciento de los casos utilizaron un paquete estadístico y un porcentaje aún más bajo (15,8 por ciento) poseyó autonomía en los análisis estadísticos. Al inicio del curso predominó en la totalidad de los ítems el nivel bajo de conocimientos; y, después de la intervención, el nivel alto y moderado. Conclusiones: Se demostró la efectividad de la estrategia didáctica empleada para la enseñanza de la Bioestadística en las investigaciones científicas en la maestría de genética médica en la edición desarrollada durante el curso 2022-2023(AU)

Introduction: Biostatistics in scientific research is course number eight within the master's degree program in medical genetics. The current empirical experience shows that the students do not achieve the necessary competences and skills to acquire statistical sovereignty or face the research challenges of the specialty. Objective: To expose the effectiveness of a didactic strategy based on active methods for teaching biostatistics in scientific research within the master's degree program in medical genetics during the 2022-2023 academic year. Methods: A quasiexperimental study with a longitudinal strategy of before-after measurements was carried out. A questionnaire validated by an expert committee was applied to nineteen master's degree students who consented to participate in the research. The teaching strategy used a project-based dynamics and applied a statistical package, whose analytical program was contextualized according to professional interests and motivations. Results: 52.6 percent of the students used statistical methods, 57.9 percent used descriptive statistics, and a minority (21.1 percent) used inferential statistics. A statistical package was used in 26.3 percent of the cases and an even lower percentage (15.8 percent ) had some statistical analysis autonomy. At the beginning of the course, the low level of knowledge predominated for all items; after the intervention, the high and moderate levels predominated. Conclusions: This research showed the effectiveness of the didactic strategy used for the teaching of biostatistics in scientific research as part of the master's degree program in medical genetics for the edition developed during the 2022-2023 academic year (AU)

Exploration and practice of Autopsy and Accident Authentication case seminar / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This article discusses the design and implementation strategy of Autopsy and Accident Authentication case seminar, with the aim of linking pathology to clinic medicine, theory to practice, and cultivating and improving the thinking ability of analyzing and solving problems for medical students in their medical study. The article investigates the effects and feedback of six rounds of classes, reports three aspects as strengthening the systemic understanding of basic medicine, improving the application and thinking ability, and promoting the thinking of medical humanism, and also discusses the teaching effects, students' feedback, and the significance and existing defects of the seminar.

Creating knowledge and actions by promoting health in aged women with osteoporosis / Crear conocimientos y acciones promoviendo la salud de ancianas con osteoporosis / Construindo saberes e fazeres mediante a promoção da saúde de mulheres idosas com osteoporose

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze how Paulo Freire's theoretical framework can contribute to understanding the awareness-raising process about aging, by promoting health and self-care in aged women with osteoporosis and considering the socioeconomic and environmental factors involved in this process. Method: a qualitative and descriptive study conducted by means of secondary analysis of data from a primary study carried out between December 2019 and February 2020, which included 25 aged women treated in a Rheumatology health unit of a university hospital. This analysis intended to return to a corpus of previously collected data, aiming to reexamine them from a new investigative angle, Paulo Freire's theoretical perspective, which served as theoretical-methodological framework. Results: the findings of this research enabled an approach to the reality of aged women with osteoporosis through a critical reflection on the practice and sensitization inherent to the human essence. This allowed revealing aspects that were hidden and driving the creation of concrete action proposals in relation to the participants' reality. Conclusion: nurses' crucial role in the assistance provided to aged women with osteoporosis was verified, as well as the efficiency of a dialogical approach that values their self-care choices and skills. As a dynamic process that involves actions, reflections and new actions, the health perception strengthens Freire's perspective in the Nursing practice as a strategy to develop diverse knowledge and actions along with aged women with osteoporosis, aiming to promote emancipating assistance based on the care ethics.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar de qué manera el referencial teórico de Paulo Freire puede ayudar a entender el proceso de concientización sobre el envejecimiento, promoviendo la salud y el autocuidado en ancianas con osteoporosis y considerando los factores socioeconómicos y ambientales implicados en este proceso. Método: estudio cualitativo y descriptivo realizado a través de análisis secundario de los datos obtenidos en un estudio primario llevado a cabo entre diciembre de 2019 y febrero de 2020 y que incluyó a 25 ancianas atendidas en una unidad de salud especializada en Reumatología de un hospital universitario. Este análisis pretendió retornar a un corpus de datos previamente recolectados, a fin de volver a examinarlos desde un nuevo ángulo de investigación, la perspectiva teórica de Paulo Freire, que sirvió como marco teórico-metodológico. Resultados: los hallazgos de este trabajo de investigación hicieron posible un acercamiento a la realidad de las ancianas con osteoporosis a través de una reflexión crítica sobre la praxis y la concientización inherentes a la esencia humana. Eso permitió revelar aspectos que estaban ocultos e impulsar la creación de propuestas concretas de acción en relación con la realidad de las participantes. Conclusión: se verificó el rol crucial de los profesionales de Enfermería en la asistencia provista a ancianas con osteoporosis, al igual que la eficiencia de una enfoque dialógico que valoriza sus elecciones y habilidades para el autocuidado. La percepción de la salud como un proceso dinámico que implica acciones reflexiones y nuevas acciones fortalece la efectividad de la perspectiva de Freire en la práctica de Enfermería como una estrategia para crear conocimientos y acciones junto con las ancianas que padecen osteoporosis, con el objetivo de promover una asistencia emancipadora basada en la ética de la atención.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar como o referencial teórico de Paulo Freire pode contribuir para a compreensão do processo de conscientização sobre o envelhecimento, mediante a promoção da saúde e o cuidado de si de mulheres idosas com osteoporose, considerando os fatores socioeconômicos e ambientais implicados nesse processo. Método: estudo qualitativo descritivo realizado através da análise secundária de dados de um estudo primário conduzido entre dezembro de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020, que contou com 25 idosas atendidas em uma unidade de saúde de reumatologia em um hospital universitário. Esta análise ensejou o retorno a um corpus de dados previamente coletados, visando reexaminá-los sob um novo prisma investigativo, a perspectiva teórica de Paulo Freire, que atuou como arcabouço teórico-metodológico. Resultados: os achados desta pesquisa possibilitaram uma aproximação da realidade das idosas com osteoporose através de uma reflexão crítica sobre a práxis e conscientização inerentes à essência humana. Isso permitiu revelar aspectos que estavam ocultos e impulsionar a criação de propostas concretas de ação em relação à realidade das participantes. Conclusão: verificou-se o papel crucial do enfermeiro na assistência às idosas com osteoporose e a eficiência de uma abordagem dialógica que valoriza suas escolhas e habilidades para o cuidado de si. A percepção da saúde como um processo dinâmico, que envolve ações, reflexões e novas ações, fortalece a efetividade da perspectiva freiriana na prática de enfermagem como uma estratégia para construir saberes e fazeres em conjunto com as idosas com osteoporose, com o objetivo de promover uma assistência emancipadora baseada na ética do cuidado.

Estratégias de ensino voltadas à assistência de enfermagem no acidente vascular cerebral: revisão integrativa* / Estrategias de enseñanza de la asistencia de enfermería en el ictus: una revisión integradora / Teaching strategies for nursing care in stroke: an integrative review

Objetivo: identificar as estratégias pedagógicas utilizadas no ensino da assistência de enfermagem às vítimas de acidente vascular cerebral. Método: revisão integrativa, realizada entre setembro de 2022 e março de 2023 em sete fontes de informações. Utilizou-se o aplicativo Rayyan para a seleção e a análise temática dos 485 manuscritos, destes, sete compuseram a amostra. Resultados: evidenciou-se como estratégias pedagógicas a simulação clínica, instrução interativa assistida por computador, videotape conduzido por instrutor, vinhetas, ferramenta multimídia de e-learning e o workshop. Conclusão: identificaram-se seis estratégias, com destaque para a simulação clínica por ter sido o método mais abordado pelos estudos como a única capaz de desenvolver, em conjunto, as habilidades cognitivas, psicomotoras e afetivas nos estudantes de enfermagem.

Objective: to identify the pedagogical strategies used in teaching nursing care to stroke victims. Method: integrative review, carried out between September 2022 and March 2023 in seven sources of information. The Rayyan application was used for the selection and thematic analysis of the 485 manuscripts, of which seven constituted the sample. Results: Clinical simulation, interactive computer-assisted instruction, instructor-led videotape, vignettes, multimedia e-learning tool and workshop were identified as pedagogical strategies. Conclusion: Six strategies were identified, with clinical simulation standing out as the method most often mentioned in studies as the only one capable of developing cognitive, psychomotor, and affective skills in nursing students.

Objetivo: identificar las estrategias pedagógicas utilizadas en la enseñanza de los cuidados de enfermería a las víctimas de accidentes cerebrovasculares. Método: revisión integradora, realizada entre septiembre de 2022 y marzo de 2023 sobre siete fuentes de información. Se utilizó la aplicación Rayyan para seleccionar y analizar temáticamente los 485 manuscritos, de los cuales siete constituyeron la muestra. Resultados: la simulación clínica, la enseñanza interactiva asistida por ordenador, los vídeos dirigidos por un instructor, las viñetas, las herramientas multimedia de aprendizaje electrónico y los talleres fueron las principales estrategias de enseñanza. Conclusión: Se identificaron seis estrategias, destacando la simulación clínica como el método más mencionado en los estudios como el único capaz de desarrollar habilidades cognitivas, psicomotoras y afectivas en los estudiantes de enfermería.

Integrated Learning Program for Third Year Professional Students at aMedical School of India

Introduction : integration, an integrated approach to teaching medical subjects has not become popular in Medical Colleges in India. To develop, implement, and evaluate an Integrated Learning Program for theObjective: third-year professional students at a medical school in India. The ntegrated earning rogrammeMethod: I L P (ILP) was conducted for the first time in 2016 for a batch of 181 third year professional students of a Medical School in Western India. It was an integrated module employing correlation and vertical integration. It incorporated Interactive Lectures, Videos, Self-study, Clinical Visits and Home Visits. Student assessment was formative using pre and post Multiple Choice Questions MCQ test and case presentation through( s) checklists to assess clinical skills and home visit skills. Evaluation of the programme was based on feedback from the students and faculty members and report prepared by the students. The mean score ofResults: students in the knowledge domain assessed through Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for ILP on Iron Deficiency Anemia conducted at the end of the ILP was statistically significantly (P=0.022). The feedback from faculty members and students was positive, highlighting benefits of ILP as; integrated learning of the basic sciences, their application to clinical cases and active student learning. Few challenges were also identified like higher input required from faculty members. Most of the faculty members and students recommended that the integrated programme should be continued and extended to other parts of the curriculum. The study findings conclude that an integrated learning programme is beneficialConclusion: and is likely to improve quality of health care provided to the patients. It is feasible within a conventional medical curriculum of an Indian Medical School.

El aprendizaje basado en proyecto como herramienta docente metodológica en la educación superior / Project-based learning as a methodological teaching tool in higher education

En la última década la educación superior ha sufrido transformaciones metodológicas con fines de optimizar el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje para lograr una mejor adaptación de los estudiantes a las demandas actuales y consolidar el conocimiento adquirido. Ante estas necesidades han surgido nuevas herramientas metodológicas que persiguen dar un vuelco a los conceptos tradicionales e introducir técnicas de avanzadas que se centran en la participación activa del estudiante en la formación de su propio aprendizaje. El aprendizaje basado en proyectos constituye una nueva herramienta metodológica que centra el proceso enseñanza aprendizaje en la actividad directa del estudiante, quien es el eje central de su propio desarrollo académico. El rol del docente pasa de ser un rol principal a tener una representación secundaria con un rol orientador(AU)

In the last decade, higher education has undergone methodological transformations in order to optimize the teaching-learning process to achieve a better adaptation of students to current demands and consolidate the knowledge acquired. Given these needs, new methodological tools have emerged that seek to overturn traditional concepts and introduce advanced techniques that focus on the active participation of the student in the formation of their own learning. Project-based learning is a new methodological tool that focuses the teaching-learning process on the direct activity of the student, this being the central axis of their own academic development. The role of the teacher goes from being a main role to having a secondary representation with a guiding role(AU)

O Desenvolvimento Docente na FMRP-USP: contexto histórico / Faculty Development at Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine at University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP): A contextualized historical review

O objetivo desse artigo é contextualizar historicamente as ações de desenvolvimento docente realizadas na Facul-dade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP) desde sua fundação até a criação do Centro de Desenvolvimento Docente para o Ensino (CDDE) para as Profissões da Saúde, que foi a primeira unidade formal da instituição para a educação para o ensino dos seus professores e preceptores. Apresentamos um pano-rama sobre o conceito atual de desenvolvimento docente, o papel de fundações internacionais de fomento e de regulamentações governamentais locais na consolidação dessas atividades no país, além de ações dos diretores e professores da Faculdade de Medicina, visando a capacitação profissional para o exercício da docência desde a sua fundação. Finalmente, abordamos o contexto de criação do CDDE, os profissionais participantes e dados da partici-pação docente nas cinco primeiras edições do "Módulo Básico" de ensino para as profissões da saúde na FMRP-USP, o primeiro e mais importante programa estruturado de capacitação docente oferecido pelo centro. (AU)

The objective of this article is to historically contextualize Faculty Development (FD) actions carried out at the Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine at University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), since its foundation up until the creation of the Center for Faculty Development (CDDE) in Health Professions Education (HPE). CDDE is the first formal unit of the institution with the mission to support educators (Faculty Members and Preceptors) to improve their educa-tional practices: to teach, facilitate learning, assess, design curriculum, and evaluate programs. We present here an overview for the concept of Faculty Development, the role of international funding foundations and local govern-ment regulations in the consolidation of these activities in Brazil. We also describe the school administration actions and pioneer Faculty members that created the foundations for the first Faculty Development Center at FMRP-USP. Finally, we address the context of the creation of the CDDE and the describe participants characteristics of the first five editions of the Essentials Skills Module on HPE. (AU)